Excavator structure
Common excavator structures include power device, working device, rotary mechanism, control mechanism, transmission mechanism, traveling mechanism and auxiliary facilities.
The transmission mechanism transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuating elements through the hydraulic pump to push the working device to move, thus completing various operations.
Walking device
The traveling device is the chassis, including the crawler frame and the traveling system, which is mainly composed of the crawler frame, the traveling motor+reducer and its pipeline, the driving wheel, the guide wheel, the idler, the roller, the crawler and the tension buffer device. Its function is to support the weight of the excavator, and convert the power transmitted by the driving wheel into the traction force, so as to realize the walking of the whole machine.
The frame assembly (namely, the crawler traveling frame assembly) is an integral weldment with an X-shaped structure. Its main advantage is high bearing capacity. The frame assembly is welded by three parts: the left longitudinal beam (i.e. the left track frame), the main frame (i.e. the middle frame) and the right longitudinal beam (i.e. the right track frame). The weight of the frame assembly is 2 tons.
The central rotary joint is a hydraulic component that connects the oil circuit of the rotary platform and the chassis. Ensure that the traveling motor can distribute oil normally after the rotating platform rotates at any angle. The current rotation direction is 5.
Working device
Working device is the main part of hydraulic excavator. At present, SY series excavator is equipped with backhoe working device, which is mainly used to excavate the soil below the parking surface, but can also excavate the soil below the maximum cutting height. In addition to excavation, trenching and loading, it can also carry out simple site leveling. The excavation operation is applicable to the excavation of Class I-IV soil, and the excavation of Class V or above requires hydraulic hammer or blasting.
Backhoe working device is composed of boom, stick, bucket, rocker arm, connecting rod and hydraulic pipeline of working device, including boom cylinder, stick cylinder and bucket cylinder.
Power transmission route table
1.Driving power transmission path: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted to hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - central rotation - travel motor (hydraulic energy converted to mechanical energy) - reduction gearbox - drive wheel - track - realize driving.
2.The transmission path of rotary motion: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted to hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - rotary motor (hydraulic energy converted to mechanical energy) - reduction box - rotary ring - to achieve rotation.
3.Boom motion transmission path: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted to hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - boom cylinder (hydraulic energy converted to mechanical energy) - realize boom motion
4.Stick motion transmission path: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted to hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - stick cylinder (hydraulic energy converted to mechanical energy) - to realize stick motion.
5.Bucket movement transmission route: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted to hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy converted to mechanical energy) - bucket movement.
Composition and function of power system
Air intake system - screen cover → rubber hose → air filter → rubber hose → supercharger → rubber hose → intercooler → rubber hose → engine.
Exhaust system - supercharger → expansion joint → muffler → exhaust pipe.
Cooling system - water tank → rubber hose → thermostat → water pump → diesel engine → rubber hose → water tank.
Throttle control system - stepper motor → reducer → worm gear and worm drive → throttle cable → diesel engine throttle - high idle and low idle limit switch.
Fuel system
Oil inlet system: fuel tank → rubber hose → hand pump → coarse filter → fine filter → diesel engine.
Return oil system: diesel engine → rubber hose → fuel tank (return oil volume is relatively large, which is used for partial cooling).
